Four proteins that changed the world
Biotechnology thrives on harnessing the power of proteins. To make these proteins, scientists introduce DNA to cells in a culture to produce the protein they want—a process known as protein expression. These resulting proteins play important roles in countless applications. Here are just four (of many) important proteins that have helped solve problems and improve human lives.
1. Insulin to treat diabetes
People with diabetes take insulin protein to regulate their blood sugar. In the 1970s, scientists discovered how to use bacteria to make human insulin protein. It is estimated that more than 2 million people in the United States use insulin, making it one of the most important protein-based medications. 
2. Antibodies for HIV diagnostics
Antibodies are important immune system proteins that recognize germs like bacteria and viruses. Scientists can use the specificity of antibody binding to aid in diagnostic assays. For example, antibodies that recognize HIV can be used to quantify the amount of HIV in a patient’s blood.
3. Proteases to improve laundry detergents
Before the 1950s, laundry detergents required hot water, which increased a household’s energy usage and could damage delicate fabrics. In 1959, scientists discovered how to make enzymes called proteases that break down stains in cold water. Now, detergents contain these proteases so you can wash your clothes in cold water.
4. Enzymes to catalyze biofuel production
Finding a renewable energy source and moving away from fossil fuels is important. Biofuels are renewable energy sources produced from living matter like plants. Scientists use various enzymes to create biofuels. For example, the enzyme cellulase releases sugars from plant fibers that can be turned into an ethanol-based biofuel.
Hopefully, we have convinced you of the importance of proteins. Want to bring protein purification to your classroom? Our new Protein Expression and Purification Biotech Skills Lab makes it easy.
